“Loose Change” Debunked
Amateurish video on 9/11 full of errors, faulty reasoning
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An artist’s drawing depicts the aircraft approaching the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. (© The Pentagon Building Performance Report)
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Loose Change is perhaps the most popular September 11 conspiracy-theory video, with its various editions reportedly logging more than 10 million web views. The most recent version,
Loose Change Second Edition Recut, had more than 5 million web views as of March 2007.
Despite the video’s extraordinary popularity, its claims are so absurd that they are considered an embarrassment by other conspiracy theorists, some of whom have written
lengthy critiques of the video’s most outlandish claims.
Loose Change makes very sloppy mistakes in support of its false claim that a missile, not a plane, hit the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. The video mistakes two different sections of the large hole caused by the airliner for the entire hole and, ironically, features photographs that actually disprove its “small hole” theory.
The plane that hit the Pentagon created an area of severe damage that was approximately 36.6 meters (120 feet) wide, according to
The Pentagon Building Performance Report, published by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Structural Engineering Institute in January 2003 (p. 35).
As shown in a
photo gallery on the attack, the plane’s fuselage and wings caused extensive damage mostly to the Pentagon’s ground floor while the plane’s tail fin and vertical stabilizer created a smaller impact hole on the second floor.
Loose Change mistakenly identifies the portion of the hole on the second floor as the entire hole, and then argues from this mistaken premise that because such a large airliner could not have created such a small hole, the damage must have been caused by a missile.
Then, in a different but equally mistaken analysis,
Loose Change identifies the portion of the hole on the far left of the ground floor as the entire hole, even though this “hole” is obviously on the ground floor while the initial “hole” it showed was clearly on the second floor. A person watching the video would be unlikely to spot these inconsistencies because the images are displayed only briefly, but they are obvious if one pauses the video and compares the different images.
Loose Change also includes a photograph that shows extensive damage to the ground floor of the Pentagon, but fails to note this fact, which would undermine its theory. See the
photo gallery to view the photographs displayed in
Loose Change and other images of the Pentagon attack.
The arguments in other sections of
Loose Change suffer from similarly sloppy analysis.
For example,
Loose Change claims that the “official explanation is that the intense heat from the jet fuel vaporized the entire plane” that struck the Pentagon, and argues that because this is impossible, the official story can not be trusted. Again, the video is proceeding from a mistaken premise. The plane disintegrated due to its impact with the Pentagon at 853 kilometers per hour (530 miles per hour), but it did not “vaporize.” Emergency response personnel reported seeing hundreds of pieces of the aircraft on the lawn outside the Pentagon. Parts of the plane, including engine parts and landing gear, were
photographed inside the building.
As supposed evidence for its missile theory,
Loose Change also claims that the aircraft debris in the Pentagon attack would have had to “pass through nine feet [three meters] of steel-reinforced concrete” – an unlikely occurrence. It obtained this figure by counting two outer walls each for the Pentagon’s E Ring, D Ring and C Ring.
But, as acknowledged even by other conspiracy theorists,
no outer walls separate the C, D and E rings on the Pentagon’s lower two levels. The plane penetrated only two outside walls – the Pentagon’s exterior wall and the inner wall of the C Ring.
In its section examining the attack on the World Trade Center,
Loose Change includes several statements by people who say they heard secondary explosions in the buildings, which the video interprets as evidence that the buildings were destroyed in a controlled demolition. But this ignores the commonsense explanation that secondary explosions could have been caused by vaporized fuel or electrical short-circuits in the severely damaged buildings.
Demolition professionals say controlled demolition of the towers that day would have been impossible.
Loose Change also contains a great deal of footage from the initial live broadcasts of the attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, when there was enormous confusion about exactly what had happened. It treats statements made at this time as if they represent reasoned judgments, not impromptu, often poorly thought-through misimpressions and uninformed speculation.
With regard to United Airlines Flight 93, which crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania,
Loose Change claims that it is impossible that passengers on the flight made cell phone calls. It repeats a claim that cell phones supposedly have less than a 1 percent chance of succeeding at 9,750 meters (32,000 feet), the normal cruising altitude for commercial airliners.
But communications experts state that cell phone conversations at such altitudes are quite possible. Rick Kemper, director of technology and security at CTIA-The Wireless Association, said, “cell sites have a range of several miles, even at 35,000 feet [10,670 meters].” Paul Guckian, vice president of engineering for cell phone maker Qualcomm, stated, “at the altitude for commercial airliners, around 30,000 or 35,000 feet [9,145 to 10,670 meters], [some] phones would still get a signal.” (
Debunking 9/11 Myths, Popular Mechanics, pp. 83-84.)
In fact, one cell phone conversation from Flight 93 was introduced into evidence at the trial of Zaccarias Moussaoui. Listen to the
45-second message left by flight attendant CeeCee Lyles on her home answering machine. Click on the “Lyles” file icon on the far left of the bottom row in the link.
In sum,
Loose Change is researched very shoddily, making numerous mistakes of fact and judgment. Nevertheless, this has not prevented it from becoming extraordinarily popular.
(Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site:
http://usinfo.state.gov)
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