ECONOMIC REPORT
Growth revised higher to 4% in second quarter
U.S. GDP revisions due to improved trade balance, commercial building
By
Rex Nutting, MarketWatch
Last Update: 9:57 AM ET Aug 30, 2007
WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- The U.S. economy bounced back in the second quarter, growing at a 4% annual real growth rate, the Commerce Department reported Thursday.
The upward revision to second-quarter gross domestic product is likely to have a minimal impact on financial markets, however, which are preoccupied by the credit crunch.
"Though the top-line growth number has changed, our conclusion has not -- the rate of growth seen during the second-quarter is clearly not sustainable, and was not even before the credit markets went wobbly on us," wrote Richard Moody, chief economist for Mission Residential.
The upward revision to GDP was largely due to an improved trade balance and to the biggest increase in investments in commercial buildings in 26 years.
Read the full government report.
Final sales increased 3.7%, revised from 3.2%.
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=9 width=135 align=left border=0><TBODY><TR><TD align=left>'Though the top-line growth number has changed, our conclusion has not -- the rate of growth seen during the second-quarter is clearly not sustainable, and was not even before the credit markets went wobbly on us.'
— Richard Moody, Mission Residential.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>Growth was led by trade and business investment. Consumer spending, government spending and inventories also contributed, while housing remained a strong drag.
Economists surveyed by MarketWatch were expecting GDP in the April-June period to be revised to 4.1% from the 3.4% growth rate originally estimated a month ago.
See Economic Calendar. The economy grew at a 0.6% rate in the first quarter.
In the past year, the economy has grown 1.9% after adjusting for inflation, and has risen at a 2.3% pace so far this year.
In nominal terms, GDP increased 6.7% in the second quarter to an annual rate of $13.77 trillion.
The economy grew at the fastest rate in five quarters, but most economists now expect much slower growth through the rest of the year: the boost from trade and government spending isn't sustainable, while a worsening housing sector has now shaken financial markets. A credit squeeze hit in late July and has extended through August.
The "most important question mark for growth is whether consumer spending will finally succumb to the housing mess," wrote Stephen Stanley, chief economist for RBS Greenwich Capital. "Our bet is that spending will be noticeably softer than it would otherwise have been but may hold up better than the consensus expects. However, our confidence level (and anyone else's who is being honest) in our forecast is mighty low right now."
The Federal Reserve is expected to lower its target for overnight lending rates at its meeting on Sept. 18, both to calm markets and stimulate growth, despite its warning that inflation remains a threat.
In a separate report, the Labor Department said first-time claims for state unemployment benefits rose to 334,000, the highest level since April.
See full story.
On the inflation front, the Fed got some good news in the GDP report, with core consumer prices revised down to a 1.3% annual growth rate during the quarter from 1.4%, the slowest pace in four years and well within the Fed's unofficial target zone of 1% to 2%. Core prices have risen 2% in the past year.
Headline inflation, however, surged 4.2% during the quarter, led by higher energy costs.
The report contained the first word on corporate profits for the second quarter. Before-tax profits increased $98.3 billion, or 6.4%, after rising $16.5 billion, or 1.1%, in the first quarter. In the past year, corporate profits are up 4.5%.
Personal income growth was also slightly higher than initially reported after revisions to both the first and second quarters.
Details
Growth was led by trade, which contributed 1.4 percentage points, and to business investment, which contributed about 1.1 percentage points.
Consumer spending contributed 1 percentage point, while residential investments subtracted 0.6 percentage points. Government spending contributed 0.8 percentage point.
Consumer spending increased 1.4% annualized, including 1.7% for durable goods and 2.3% for services. Spending on nondurable goods fell 0.3%, the weakest in 14 years.
Business investment increased 11.1%, including 27.7% for structures, the largest gain in 26 years. Investments in equipment and software increased 4.3%.
Investments in residences fell 11.6%, after four quarters of even larger declines.
Exports increased 7.6%, while imports fell 3.2%, the biggest decline since early 2003.
Government spending increased 4.1%, including 5.9% for the federal government. Federal defense spending increased 8.6%, while federal nondefense spending rose 0.5%. State and local government spending increased 3%, the most in five years.
Corporate profits increased by $98.3 billion to $1.65 trillion annualized. Before-tax profits are up 4.5% compared with a year ago. After-tax profits are up 3.5% in the past year.
In the second quarter, profits at domestic industries rose $89.8 billion, with financial industries' profits up $57.6 billion, the most in six quarters. Nonfinancial corporate profits rose $32.2 billion.
Rex Nutting is Washington bureau chief of MarketWatch.
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