The one thing I will address is a concept I deem to be very important. No advantage gained or lost, no foul. It's a concept addressed by the NBA in it's "interpretation" or "application" of the rules. It's also a concept addressed by many officiating organizations covering a wide range of sports at varying levels of play.
Here's the NBA's interpretation.
Degree of Contact As noted in the Comments on the Rules in the NBA Rulebook, the mere fact that contact occurs does not necessarily constitute a foul. Contact that is simply incident alto an effort by a player to play an opponent (on offense or defense) should not be considered illegal.In determining the degree of contact that constitutes a foul, referees take into account a few factors: In open areas like the perimeter, where players are often making large movements (e.g., cuts/drives), referees consider whether contact interrupts an opponent’s rhythm, speed, balance or quickness (or “RSBQ”). For example, if a defender makes contact with a driving offensive player such that the contactaffects the offensive player’s RSBQ, the contact is considered illegal and a foul isassessed. If the defender makes contact, but the offensive player continues hisdrive essentially unchanged, there is no foul. In close areas like the post, where players are often making tighter moves inclose proximity (e.g., backdowns/box-outs), referees consider whether the contact was enough to dislodge, reroute or impede an opponent. For example, if an offensive player backs into a defensive player who is in a legal guarding position and dislodges him, an offensive foul has occurred. Or if a defender delivers a blow with his forearm or shoulder to the offensive player as he attempts to backdown, a defensive foul has occurred.
https://turnernbahangtime.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/degree-of-contact.pdf