With Trump, Things Are Finally Looking Up For The Ku Klux Klan
By Dartagnan
Friday Jul 01, 2016 · 3:14 PM PDT
One hundred and fifty years ago, a remarkably enduring American
institution was born:
Born in the ashes of the smoldering South after the Civil War, the
Ku Klux Klan died and was reborn before losing the fight against civil rights in the 1960s. Membership dwindled, a unified group fractured, and one-time members went to prison for a string of murderous attacks against blacks. Many assumed the group was dead, a white-robed ghost of hate and violence.
Yet today, the KKK is still alive and dreams of restoring itself to what it once was: an invisible white supremacist empire spreading its tentacles throughout society. As it marks 150 years of existence, the Klan is trying to reshape itself for a new era.
The Klan has fallen on hard times since its heyday in the 1920’s, when it boasted a membership of 2-5 million members. This year, the Klan’s 150th Anniversary, the Southern Poverty Law center, which tracks white supremacist groups like the Klan, estimates the organization’s membership has dwindled to a few thousand nationwide, comprised of about 190 chapters varying widely in size. The organization is riven with dissent, with some members gravitating to the traditional “white robed” garb (available online in either or cotton [$145] or for the more style-conscious, satin [$165]) and others urging a more “stealth"-like approach, communicating via the Internet through videos and manifestos. There are also internal disputes about whether the Klan should “team up” with other like-minded groups such as the Neo-Nazis to spread their message and influence.
The Klan's overt approach to violent threats has also softened somewhat. Rather than directly advocating murder and lynching of African-Americans--and to a lesser extent, Jews—the Klan has genuflected to "political correctness” and more often than not now attempts to stir up violence through its persuasion and rhetoric:
Historian David Cunningham, author of "Klansville, U.S.A.: The Rise and Fall of the Civil Rights-Era Ku Klux Klan," notes that while the Klan generally doesn't openly advocate violence, "I do think we have the sort of 'other' model of violence, which is creating a culture that supports the commission of violence in the name of these ideas."
The Klan is generally seen by historians as a product of
three distinct time periods. The “Reconstruction" Klan of the mid to late 1800’s was largely one of vigilantism, murder and terrorism against African-Americans by white Southerners infuriated at the outcome of the Civil War. Outlawed in 1871, it was succeeded in 1915 when William Simmons, a former minister, sought to refashion the Klan as a vehicle for “Americanism," Protestantism, and white pride dressed in “Christian virtue” and patriotic pride. Not only African-Americans but immigrants of all stripes were seen as the enemy, with “nativism" coming to the fore as the group's philosophy, hewing to one overriding principle:
A white Protestant citizenry and the desire to maintain their dominance culturally and politically, then, defined 100 percent Americanism... White Protestants were the creators of America, and the nation would only succeed with their continued dominance.
This second coming of the Klan drew millions of adherents, frightened by the influx of European immigrants in the early 20th century, and introduced mass rallies and parades.
The Third iteration of the Klan is the one we know from the Civil Rights era, which shaped the leaders of the movement—such as Trump supporter David Duke--who we recognize today. Having landed several of its members in jail for, among other things, the
murder of black schoolchildren and
civil rights workers, that version of the Klan has now dwindled into small factions. The broad consensus among leaders of the Klan today, however, is that a spirit of rejuvenation and rebirth reminiscent of the 1920’s Klan movement has taken over with the ascension to national political prominence of Donald Trump, and this has surviving Klan members thrilled with anticipation:
In a series of interviews with The Associated Press, Klan leaders said they feel that U.S. politics are going their way, as a nationalist, us-against-them mentality deepens across the nation. Stopping or limiting immigration — a desire of the Klan dating back to the 1920s — is more of a cause than ever.
* * *
The current hot-button issue for Klan members — fighting immigration and closing U.S. borders — is one of the most talked-about topics in the presidential election. Klan leaders say Donald Trump's immigration position and his ascendancy in the GOP are signs things are going their way.
"You know, we began 40 years ago saying we need to build a wall," Arkansas-based Klan leader Thomas Robb said.
Klan members point to a spike in memberships coming at the tail-end of the Obama Administration as the 2016 election cycle unfolded. The near-universal adoption in this election by the Republican Party of the Klan’s philosophy of intolerance is naturally heartening to its members, as is the fact that the presumed Republican nominee has run a campaign that, as others have
pointed out, perfectly echoes the rhetoric that emanated from the Klan organization during the 1920’s, particularly that of its former Imperial Grand Wizard, H.W. Evans. Back then:
[t]he Klan described the influx of immigrants as a “menace” that threatened “true Americanism,” “devotion to the nation and its government,” and, worst of all, America as a civilization. Evans claimed that “aliens” (immigrants) challenged and attacked white Americans instead of doing the right thing—and joining the Klan’s cause. (Yes, strangely, he expected immigrants’ support even though the Klan limited membership to white Protestant men and women. Of course, it’s also strange that Trump expects Latino support.) Writing in the Klan newspaper The Imperial Night-Hawk in 1923, Evans declared that immigrants were “mostly scum,” a dangerous “horde.”
The enemies of the 1920’s Klan were African-Americans, European immigrants (especially Jews) and Catholics. Today Trump has simply substituted Latinos, Hispanics and Muslims in attempting to exploit the fears of white, working-class Americans, while at the same time creating at his rallies what the
New York Times has characterized as a “safe space" for bigots, racists, homophobes and haters of all stripes. As
Times reporter Jared Yates Sexton put it after attending one of Trump’s rallies:
Seemingly emboldened by the atmosphere of serial transgression, a man a few feet away from me answered a warm-up speaker’s call for solidarity with the victims of the massacre in Orlando, Fla., by shouting, “The gays had it coming!”
* * * When Mr. Trump left the stage and the doors opened, I found myself in a glut of supporters streaming into the parking lot. As vendors hawked T-shirts by yelling, “Hillary sucks!” the people — more than a few of whom appeared inebriated — were discussing such worthy topics as the untrustworthiness of most Latinos, the inhumanity of immigrants and the racial epithets they’d used when Mr. Trump had referred to Mr. Obama as “one hell of a lousy president.”
The respect that the Klan and similar groups have shown to Trump in this election cycle has grown so ardent that some have now vowed
to protect Trump supporters at the Republican National Convention:
A white nationalist group that was involved in a violent brawl with anti-racist protesters this weekend in Sacramento has announced its plans to be at the Republican National Convention in Cleveland on July 18-21 to protect Donald Trump supporters. A spokesman for the Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP), which organized Sunday's march where at least five people were stabbed, told
McClatchy that roughly 30 members of the group would be in attendance at the GOP event. "We're essentially just going to show up and make sure that the Donald Trump supporters are defended from the leftist thugs," he said.
Thus far Trump has been only too happy to accept the support of these groups, and has shown no inclination to repudiate them or their beliefs. Like the Klan in its current posture, Trump’s rallies tacitly encourage the permeation of violence in the culture without incurring the messy legal consequences of directly advocating it. In fact it may be the knowledge that his campaign so seamlessly duplicates the rhetoric of the 1920’s Ku Klux Klan that keeps Trump from
disavowing them. Given that and the historical debt their frontrunner clearly owes to the Klan and other like-minded groups, it makes perfect sense for the Republicans to commemorate the group’s 150th Anniversary at the Republican Convention this July.